Standard Solar Models B23 / SF-III

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# Verification of the Newtrinos.jl standard solar model (module `solar_flux`, model `B23`) against the B23 / SF-III
# solar models of Herrera & Serenelli (Zenodo, v1.2, doi:10.5281/zenodo.10822316) and the B23 fluxes published in
# Solar fusion III (Acharya et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 97, 035002 (2025), Table II).
# Run from this directory with the Newtrinos.jl environment at the pinned commit:
#   julia --project=<path to Newtrinos.jl> reproduce.jl
using Newtrinos, CairoMakie, DelimitedFiles, LinearAlgebra, Printf

cd(@__DIR__); mkpath("ours"); mkpath("results")

const SF = Newtrinos.solar_flux
const COMPS = SF.COMPONENTS
const LABEL = Dict(:pp => "pp", :pep => "pep", :hep => "hep", :be7 => "⁷Be", :b8 => "⁸B", :n13 => "¹³N", :o15 => "¹⁵O", :f17 => "¹⁷F")
const COMPOSITIONS = (:GS98, :AGSS09, :C11, :AAG21, :MB22m, :MB22p)

sf(comp) = SF.configure(SF.SolarFluxConfig(model = SF.B23(composition = comp)))
models = Dict(c => sf(c) for c in COMPOSITIONS)

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# B23 package flux files: fluxes, fractional uncertainties, correlation matrix
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function read_b23_fluxes(comp)
    lines = filter(!isempty, strip.(readlines("data/fluxes_SF3_$(comp).dat")))
    flux = parse.(Float64, split(lines[3])[1:8])
    err = parse.(Float64, split(lines[4])[1:8])
    rows = filter(l -> occursin(r"^[+-]\d", l), lines)
    corr = reduce(vcat, [permutedims(parse.(Float64, split(l)[1:8])) for l in rows])
    flux, err, corr
end

io = open("results/fluxes.csv", "w")
println(io, "composition,component,newtrinos_flux,b23_flux,newtrinos_frac_err,b23_frac_err,max_abs_corr_diff_row")
println("Newtrinos vs B23 package (fluxes_SF3_*.dat):")
for comp in COMPOSITIONS
    m = models[comp]
    flux, err, corr = read_b23_fluxes(comp)
    # correlation matrix of the Newtrinos prior on the flux normalisations (CorrelatedSSMPriors)
    Σ = Matrix(SF.ssm_prior(m).Σ)
    σ = sqrt.(diag(Σ))
    C = Σ ./ (σ * σ')
    dflux = maximum(abs.([m.nominal[c] for c in COMPS] ./ flux .- 1))
    derr = maximum(abs.(σ ./ err .- 1))
    dcorr = maximum(abs.(C .- corr))
    @printf("  %-6s max |Δφ/φ| = %.1e   max |Δσ/σ| = %.1e   max |Δρ| = %.1e   prior positive definite: %s\n",
            comp, dflux, derr, dcorr, isposdef(Σ))
    for (i, c) in enumerate(COMPS)
        @printf(io, "%s,%s,%.6e,%.6e,%.6e,%.6e,%.2e\n", comp, c, m.nominal[c], flux[i], σ[i], err[i], maximum(abs.(C[i, :] .- corr[i, :])))
    end
end
close(io)

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Fig. 1: fluxes and uncertainties vs Solar fusion III, Table II
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
t2, h2 = readdlm("data/sf3_table2.csv", ',', header = true, comments = true)
col(name) = t2[:, findfirst(==(name), vec(h2))]
unit = Float64.(col("unit"))

fig = Figure(size = (1000, 640))
ax1 = Axis(fig[1, 1], ylabel = "Newtrinos / SF-III Table II", title = "B23 fluxes: Newtrinos (solar_flux) vs Solar fusion III, Table II",
           xticks = (1:8, [LABEL[c] for c in COMPS]))
ax2 = Axis(fig[2, 1], ylabel = "fractional uncertainty (%)", xticks = (1:8, [LABEL[c] for c in COMPS]), yscale = log10,
           yticks = [0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50], ytickformat = v -> string.(v))
colors = Dict(:GS98 => :firebrick, :AAG21 => :royalblue, :MB22p => :darkgreen)
println("\nNewtrinos vs Solar fusion III, Table II:")
for (k, comp) in enumerate((:GS98, :AAG21, :MB22p))
    m = models[comp]
    v = Float64.(col(String(comp))) .* unit
    e = Float64.(col("$(comp)_err"))
    x = (1:8) .+ (k - 2) * 0.22
    ratio = [m.nominal[c] for c in COMPS] ./ v
    # rounding of the table: ± half a unit in the last printed digit (2 decimals)
    rnd = 0.005 .* unit ./ v
    rangebars!(ax1, x, 1 .- rnd, 1 .+ rnd, color = (colors[comp], 0.35), linewidth = 8, whiskerwidth = 0)
    scatter!(ax1, x, ratio, color = colors[comp], markersize = 11, label = String(comp))
    scatter!(ax2, x, e, color = :white, strokecolor = colors[comp], strokewidth = 2, markersize = 13, marker = :rect,
             label = "SF-III $(comp)")
    scatter!(ax2, x, 100 .* [m.fractional_error[c] for c in COMPS], color = colors[comp], markersize = 7,
             label = "Newtrinos $(comp)")
    @printf("  %-5s flux ratio %.4f – %.4f (all within rounding: %s)\n", comp, extrema(ratio)..., all(abs.(ratio .- 1) .<= rnd .+ 1e-9))
end
hlines!(ax1, [1.0], color = :gray, linestyle = :dash)
ylims!(ax1, 0.994, 1.006)
axislegend(ax1, position = :rt, orientation = :horizontal, framevisible = false)
Legend(fig[2, 2], ax2, framevisible = false, labelsize = 11)
Label(fig[1, 2], "bars: rounding of\nthe table (±0.005)", fontsize = 11, tellheight = false)
save("ours/fluxes_sf3.png", fig)

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Fig. 2: correlation matrix of the Newtrinos flux prior (MB22m, the NuFIT 6.0 model) and its difference to B23
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
m = models[:MB22m]
_, _, corr = read_b23_fluxes(:MB22m)
Σ = Matrix(SF.ssm_prior(m).Σ); σ = sqrt.(diag(Σ)); C = Σ ./ (σ * σ')
fig = Figure(size = (1000, 460))
for (j, (M, t)) in enumerate(((C, "Newtrinos prior correlation (solar_norms, MB22m)"), (C .- corr, "Newtrinos − B23 (fluxes_SF3_MB22m.dat)")))
    ax = Axis(fig[1, 2j-1], title = t, xticks = (1:8, [LABEL[c] for c in COMPS]), yticks = (1:8, [LABEL[c] for c in COMPS]),
              yreversed = true, aspect = DataAspect())
    lim = j == 1 ? 1.0 : max(1e-17, maximum(abs.(M)))
    hm = heatmap!(ax, 1:8, 1:8, M', colormap = :RdBu, colorrange = (-lim, lim))
    for i in 1:8, k in 1:8
        text!(ax, k, i, text = j == 1 ? @sprintf("%.2f", M[i, k]) : @sprintf("%.0e", M[i, k]), align = (:center, :center), fontsize = 9)
    end
    Colorbar(fig[1, 2j], hm)
end
save("ours/correlations.png", fig)

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Figs. 3, 4: solar structure (MB22m): electron density and production distributions
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fz = "data/struct+nu_SF3_MB22m.dat"
zcols = split(strip(readline(fz), ['#', ' ', '\n']))
Z = readdlm(fz, comments = true)
zc(name) = Z[:, findfirst(==(name), zcols)]
r_b23 = zc("R_sun"); ne_b23 = 10 .^ zc("log_ne")
lerp_log(x, X, Y) = (i = clamp(searchsortedlast(X, x), 1, length(X) - 1); t = (x - X[i]) / (X[i+1] - X[i]);
                     exp(log(Y[i]) + t * (log(Y[i+1]) - log(Y[i]))))

prof = m.production.b8.profile
# the previous Newtrinos profile (up to 9112d55 … 78c8f5c): B23 up to 0.5 R☉, beyond BS05(OP) matched at 0.5 R☉
bs, _ = readdlm("data/ne_outer_bs05op_previous.csv", ',', Float64, header = true, comments = true)
scale = lerp_log(0.5, r_b23, ne_b23) / lerp_log(0.5, bs[:, 1], bs[:, 2])
r_prev = bs[bs[:, 1] .> 0.5, 1]; ne_prev = scale .* bs[bs[:, 1] .> 0.5, 2]

fig = Figure(size = (1000, 700))
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], ylabel = "nₑ (N_A cm⁻³)", yscale = log10, title = "Solar electron density, B23 MB22m",
          yticks = LogTicks(-10:2:2))
lines!(ax, r_b23, ne_b23, color = :black, linewidth = 4, label = "B23 v1.2 (struct+nu_SF3_MB22m.dat)")
lines!(ax, prof.r, prof.ne, color = :dodgerblue, linewidth = 2, label = "Newtrinos (production.profile)")
lines!(ax, r_prev, ne_prev, color = :orange, linewidth = 2, linestyle = :dash, label = "previous Newtrinos beyond 0.5 R☉ (BS05(OP), scaled)")
vlines!(ax, [0.5], color = :gray, linestyle = :dot)
axislegend(ax, position = :lb)
ax2 = Axis(fig[2, 1], xlabel = "r / R☉", ylabel = "ratio to B23")
ok = r_b23 .<= prof.r[end]
lines!(ax2, prof.r, [p / lerp_log(x, r_b23, ne_b23) for (x, p) in zip(prof.r, prof.ne)], color = :dodgerblue, linewidth = 2)
lines!(ax2, r_prev, [p / lerp_log(x, r_b23, ne_b23) for (x, p) in zip(r_prev, ne_prev)], color = :orange, linewidth = 2, linestyle = :dash)
hlines!(ax2, [1.0], color = :gray)
ylims!(ax2, 0.9, 1.4)
linkxaxes!(ax, ax2); rowsize!(fig.layout, 2, Relative(0.3)); xlims!(ax2, 0, 1)
save("ours/electron_density.png", fig)
dev_ne = maximum(abs(p / lerp_log(x, r_b23, ne_b23) - 1) for (x, p) in zip(prof.r, prof.ne))
dev_prev = [(x, p / lerp_log(x, r_b23, ne_b23)) for (x, p) in zip(r_prev, ne_prev)]
const XS_PREV = (0.55, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 0.98, 0.99, 0.995)
@printf("\nnₑ: max |Newtrinos/B23 − 1| = %.1e over 0–1 R☉; previous BS05 tail / B23 at %s R☉: %s\n", dev_ne,
        join(XS_PREV, ", "), join([@sprintf("%.3f", lerp_log(x, r_prev, ne_prev) / lerp_log(x, r_b23, ne_b23)) for x in XS_PREV], ", "))

# production distributions: cumulative fraction, B23 tables vs Newtrinos' quantile compression (n_production points)
zname = Dict(:pp => "nu_pp", :pep => "nu_pep", :hep => "nu_hep", :be7 => "nu_7Be", :b8 => "nu_8B", :n13 => "nu_13N", :o15 => "nu_15O", :f17 => "nu_17F")
fig = Figure(size = (1000, 700))
io = open("results/production.csv", "w")
println(io, "component,b23_mean_r,newtrinos_mean_r,b23_mean_ne,newtrinos_mean_ne,b23_r50,b23_r90")
println("\nProduction regions (MB22m): mean radius and mean nₑ at production, B23 vs Newtrinos")
for (k, c) in enumerate(COMPS)
    d = max.(zc(zname[c]), 0.0)
    cdf = cumsum(vcat(0.0, diff(r_b23) .* (d[1:end-1] .+ d[2:end]) ./ 2)); cdf ./= cdf[end]
    p = m.production[c]
    local ax = Axis(fig[(k - 1) ÷ 4 + 1, (k - 1) % 4 + 1], title = LABEL[c], xlabel = k > 4 ? "r / R☉" : "", ylabel = k % 4 == 1 ? "cumulative fraction" : "")
    lines!(ax, r_b23, cdf, color = :black, linewidth = 3, label = "B23 v1.2")
    stairs!(ax, vcat(0.0, p.r), vcat(0.0, cumsum(p.w)), step = :post, color = :dodgerblue, linewidth = 2, label = "Newtrinos ($(length(p.r)) points)")
    xmax = r_b23[findfirst(>=(0.9999), cdf)]
    xlims!(ax, 0, 1.15 * xmax)
    k == 1 && axislegend(ax, position = :rb, labelsize = 10)
    trapz(y) = sum(diff(r_b23) .* (y[1:end-1] .+ y[2:end]) ./ 2)
    rm_b23 = trapz(d .* r_b23) / trapz(d); ne_m_b23 = trapz(d .* ne_b23) / trapz(d)
    rm_nt = sum(p.w .* p.r); ne_m_nt = sum(p.w .* p.ne)
    r50 = r_b23[findfirst(>=(0.5), cdf)]; r90 = r_b23[findfirst(>=(0.9), cdf)]
    @printf("  %-4s ⟨r⟩ %.4f / %.4f R☉   ⟨nₑ⟩ %.2f / %.2f N_A cm⁻³\n", c, rm_b23, rm_nt, ne_m_b23, ne_m_nt)
    @printf(io, "%s,%.5f,%.5f,%.4f,%.4f,%.4f,%.4f\n", c, rm_b23, rm_nt, ne_m_b23, ne_m_nt, r50, r90)
end
close(io)
Label(fig[0, :], "Production distributions, B23 MB22m: Newtrinos quantile compression vs the B23 tables", fontsize = 16)
save("ours/production.png", fig)